Why Ethics in Nursing Matters: Ethical Principles in Nursing | ANA (2024)

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3 min readApril, 25 2023

Registered nurses routinely encounter issues that may have ethical implications. Nurses work with patients whose lives may be at stake. It’s a nurse’s job to follow protocol and best practices while treating the patient as an individual with their own wishes and preferences for care. These decisions may warrant discussion with the larger care team, or they may require swift action in a moment of crisis. Understanding ethics and the consequences of their actions can help a nurse make the best decision when it isn’t always apparent.

What Is the Nursing Code of Ethics?

The American Nurses Association (ANA) Code of Ethics for Nurses with Interpretive Statements (Code of Ethics) has been a guide and reference for registered nurses since its development in the 1950s. It serves as a moral compass to promote high levels of care, an ethical standard for those entering the nursing profession, and a commitment to society affirming the responsibilities of the registered nurse.

The Code of Ethics has been revised over time to reflect technological advances, societal changes, and the expansion of the nursing practice. Every day, nurses draw upon ethical nursing principles to make patient care decisions. That’s one reason that for over two decades, nurses have led Gallup’s annual ranking of professions for high honesty and ethics.

Four Ethical Principles in Nursing

The Code’s provisions require that a registered nurse advocate for patients by providing safe care with compassion and a commitment to the patient’s primary interest. Ethical principles of nursing include looking beyond the bedside to individual self-regard and human rights while striving to maintain health care advancement and social justice.

Developing an ethical awareness can ensure quality care. Nursing ethical principles can be broadly categorized into four major ethical nursing principles:

  1. Autonomy: The right to self-determination. Autonomy in nursing means providing adequate information to allow patients to make their own decisions based on their beliefs and values, even if they aren’t the ones the nurse chooses. Autonomy also relates to only providing nursing care within the scope of practice defined by state and organizational rules. Examples of autonomy in nursing include administering PRN medications or assigning nursing duties based on levels of competence.
  2. Beneficence: The promotion of good. Beneficence in nursing relates to ensuring that the patient's best interest is considered, regardless of the nurse's personal opinion. Examples of beneficence in nursing include providing comfort to a dying patient or assisting with tasks a patient cannot perform independently.
  3. Justice: Fairness or an equal distribution of benefits. Justice in nursing relates to impartiality regarding a patient's age, ethnicity, economic status, religion, or sexual orientation. Examples of justice in nursing include impartiality when assigning clinical or prioritizing patient care.
  4. Nonmaleficence: The avoidance or minimization of harm. Nonmaleficence in nursing requires the provision of safe, effective, high-quality care. Examples of nonmaleficence in nursing include holding a medication due to adverse reactions or taking steps to ensure a safe work environment.

Ethical Decision Making in Nursing

Why Ethics in Nursing Matters: Ethical Principles in Nursing | ANA (1)

A health care organization’s support of ethical principles unifies its nursing practices and settings. Registered nurses are trusted with a range of responsibilities in various roles in clinical practice, education, leadership, or research. The nurse may be required to make decisions beneficial to the patient, nursing student, employee, or organization.

If a nursing action ignores a patient's preference or conflicts with ethical principles, the registered nurse may be acting unethically. Emphasizing ethical principles in nursing will increase decision-making confidence across any nursing practice. Performing nursing care according to the Code of Ethics may require the registered nurse to risk adverse personal outcomes such as employer or peer backlash, but it ensures that the focus remains on the patient. Registered nurses are faced with difficult decisions each day that may affect the lives of others. A foundation based in ethics helps ensure those decisions are the best route forward.

Trust in the nursing profession by individuals and society isn’t to be taken lightly. Increasing ethical awareness in nursing can help ensure that the nursing profession maintains that trust, supports nursing colleagues, and continues to develop the future of nursing.

Explore our continuing education materials on ethics and nursing including articles, books, webinars and the Code of Ethics.

Images sourced from Getty Images

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FAQs

Why Ethics in Nursing Matters: Ethical Principles in Nursing | ANA? ›

If a nursing action ignores a patient's preference or conflicts with ethical principles, the registered nurse may be acting unethically. Emphasizing ethical principles in nursing will increase decision-making confidence across any nursing practice.

Why do ethics matter in nursing? ›

The Code of Ethics helps nurses navigate difficult situations and make decisions that are in the best interest of their patients. By following this compass, nurses can balance the need to provide optimal care with respecting the autonomy of patients, nurturing trust and respect between nurses and their patients.

Why are ethical principles important in healthcare? ›

Basic ethical principles provide guidance for healthcare workers to protect the rights of individuals and support an ethical culture for safety, health, and well-being for all.

Why is ethics important in nursing essay? ›

Ethics and Morals play an important role in the nursing profession; nurses are confronted with choices to make every day, and some of them more challenging than others. Ethics are affirmations between what it can be right or erroneous. For our society ethics is presented as a complex system of principles and beliefs.

What is the principle of ethics in nursing? ›

An overview of ethics and clinical ethics is presented in this review. The 4 main ethical principles, that is beneficence, nonmaleficence, autonomy, and justice, are defined and explained. Informed consent, truth-telling, and confidentiality spring from the principle of autonomy, and each of them is discussed.

What is the importance of ethics? ›

Ethics is what guides us to tell the truth, keep our promises, or help someone in need. There is a framework of ethics underlying our lives on a daily basis, helping us make decisions that create positive impacts and steering us away from unjust outcomes.

What is the importance of ethics of care? ›

Nonetheless, care ethics emphasizes the importance of emotions such as sympathy, empathy, and compassion that enable individuals to be more attentive and responsive to the needs of others and to imagine themselves in the perspectives of others. Such emotions can aid, instead of hinder, ethical reasoning.

What is the purpose of the ethical principles? ›

The expression "basic ethical principles" refers to those general judgments that serve as a justification for particular ethical prescriptions and evaluations of human actions.

Why are ethical principles important in practice? ›

Why is ethical practice important? Reputations are based not only on an organisation's delivery of its products and services, but on how it values its relationships with its staff and stakeholders, and how it establishes responsibility and accountability towards them.

Why are ethical values and principles important? ›

They help individuals understand the consequences of their actions and provide a framework for ethical decision-making. When ethical values are integrated into an individual's life, they promote a sense of accountability and responsibility, encouraging them to act in the best interests of themselves and others.

What is ethics in your own words? ›

Ethics examines the rational justification for our moral judgments; it studies what is morally right or wrong, just or unjust. In a broader sense, ethics reflects on human beings and their interaction with nature and with other humans, on freedom, on responsibility and on justice.

What is an ethical issue in nursing? ›

Ethical issues happen when choices need to be made, the answers may not be clear and the options are not ideal. The result could be declines in the quality of patient care; problematic clinical relationships; and moral distress, which is defined as knowing the right thing to do but not being allowed or able to do it.

What are the 7 ethical considerations in nursing? ›

Although there are many ethical principles that guide nursing practice, foundational ethical principles include respect for autonomy (self-determination), beneficence (do good), nonmaleficence (do no harm), justice (fairness), fidelity (keep promises), and veracity (tell the truth).

Why do ethics in nursing matter? ›

Trust in the nursing profession by individuals and society isn't to be taken lightly. Increasing ethical awareness in nursing can help ensure that the nursing profession maintains that trust, supports nursing colleagues, and continues to develop the future of nursing.

What is the purpose of the code of ethics in nursing? ›

The codes outline how the nurses should behave ethically as a profession, and how they should decide when encounter barriers preventing them from fulfilling their professional obligations. The codes can also support nurses in their practice and reduce their moral distress.

What is the ethical principle of respect in nursing? ›

"A fundamental principle that underlies all nursing practice is respect for the inherent worth, dignity, and human rights of every individual" (ANA, 2001, p. 7). Respect for persons is violated when nurses and student nurses denigrate each other over credentials and over who are the competent nurses.

Why is the code of ethics important? ›

It provides a framework and a standard for ethical decision making within the organization. In addition to its importance within the organization, the code of ethics may inform customers, vendors, and other external stakeholders what is valued by the organization, its management, and employees.

Why is etiquette important in nursing? ›

If she does not have the appropriate standard of manners, the chances are that they would be even more put off. This mismatch can bring the whole experience to be less than ideal. The primary goal should be to project a positive image. The non-verbal messages are as important as the verbal skills.

Why is ethical awareness important? ›

Ethical decisions generate and sustain trust; demonstrate respect, responsibility, fairness and caring; and are consistent with good citizenship. These behaviors provide a foundation for making better decisions by setting the ground rules for our behavior.

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